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Reproducibility

Run it again anywhere. Get the same result.

A result you cannot reproduce is a result you cannot defend. Every analysis ships with the exact R or Python code behind it — take it to your own environment, re-run it, and submit it alongside your findings.

The problem

Statistics is hard even before you get an answer.

Doing it yourself in R or Python

analysis.R
12df -> read.csv("survey_results.csv")
13df$score * 2It broke. How do I fix it?

Console ~/

Error in df$score * 2 : non-numeric argument to binary operator

Every package has its own syntax, and an error rarely says whether it's a typo or the wrong data.

GroupMedianp
A840d0.013
B529d

p = .013 — but what does that actually mean?

A plot or table renders fine — now how am I supposed to interpret this?

untitled_final2.R

# TODO: rename vars before submitting

x1 -> read.csv("untitled_final2.csv")

# remove debug print()

print(nrow(x1))

# delete the three commented-out attempts

# model2 -> lm(y ~ x1 + x2) # old

# add axis labels, a title, a caption…

Still has to be tidied up before it goes anywhere

The code still has to be cleaned up before it can be submitted anywhere.

1 / 2scroll to advance

The solution

The same code, the same data in, the same numbers out.

01

The exact code behind every result

Not a paraphrase or a hint — the literal R or Python code that produced the number in front of you.

02

Submission-ready, as it stands

The code is already organized enough to attach to a school or company submission — no separate cleanup pass required.

03

Same result, anyone's machine

Re-run the code in your own R or Python environment and you get the same numbers Skari showed you — that agreement is the proof.